Neurodiversity

According to Word Spy, neurodiversity is defined as the variety of non-debilitating neurological behaviors and abilities exhibited by the human race. The earliest citation for this word is by Judy Singer in 1999:

For me, the key significance of the ‘autistic spectrum’ lies in its call for and anticipation of a politics of neurological diversity, or neurodiversity. The ‘neurologically different’ represent a new addition to the familiar political categories of class/gender/race and will augment the insights of the social model of disability. The rise of neurodiversity takes postmodern fragmentation one step further. Just as the postmodern era sees every once too solid belief melt into air, even our most taken-for-granted assumptions that we all more or less see, feel, touch, hear, smell, and sort information, in more or less the same way (unless visibly disabled) are being dissolved.

Here is a wonderfully comprehensive site on neurodiversity. (From Metafilter.)